In 1995 Thomas Muller designed and built a "Fahrrad mit elektromagnetischem Antrieb" for his 1995 diploma thesis. In 1994 Bernie Macdonalds conceived the Electrilite SHB with power electronics allowing regenerative braking and pedaling while stationary. The first published prototype of an SHB is by Augustus Kinzel (US Patent 3'884'317) in 1975.
They are commercially available, being simple in theory and manufacturing.
1.1 Two-wheeled and cycle-type vehicles.